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ET581 · Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Experimental Apparatus for the Study of Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Learning objectives / experiments
  • Design of the earthing systems used in installations
    • TT, TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S and IT
  • Selection of protective devices for each system
  • Initial verification and periodic testing of an installation
  • Continuity of protective and bonding conductors
  • Measurement of insulation resistance
  • Measurement of fault loop impedance
  • Testing of residual current devices
    • Trip current and trip time
    • Type A and type B
  • Earth electrode resistance, 3-wire and 4-wire
  • Insulation monitoring in an IT system
  • Touch current and leakage current on machines
  • Fault finding, from a simulator on every module
  • Evaluation of results and the test report
  • Instruction on the hazards of electrical systems

The ET581 Experimental Apparatus consists of the following, together with a set of instructional material:

  • 1building supply experiment module
  • 2distribution board experiment module
  • 3IT system experiment module
  • 4installations and machines experiment module
  • 5protective circuit testing device
  • 6courseware
  • 7installation testing device
  • 8digital multimeter
  • 9voltage, phase and continuity tester
  • 10test adapter set
  • 11connection lead set
  • 12mobile experiment table
Building supply module
experiment module

A model of a building's service entry, with main fuses, meter, lightning protection and main earthing bar, for the subject of testing electrical installations to IEC 60364-6.

  • service head and meter panel, both with fuses
  • lightning protection model, external and internal
  • main earthing bar, bonding conductors, earthing strips
  • terminal panel for the distribution boards downstream
  • earth electrode measurement, 3-wire and 4-wire methods
  • fault simulator
System configuration by jumpers: TT, TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S
Simulated faults 10
Nominal voltage 3 × 230 / 400 V, 50/60 Hz
Inputs and outputs safety sockets
Distribution board module
experiment module

A model of a consumer unit, with its protective devices and its circuits, for the subject of protection against electric shock in TT and TN systems, to IEC 60364-4-41.

  • 1 breaker and residual current combination, 10 mA, type A
  • 1 residual current device, 4 poles, type B, 30 mA
  • 1 single-phase and 1 three-phase circuit breaker
  • 1 lighting circuit with on/off switch
  • 1 single-phase and 1 three-phase socket circuit, both with earth
  • fault simulator
System configuration TT, TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S
Measurements single-phase and three-phase, insulation, fault loop, RCD tripping
Simulated faults 10
Nominal voltage 3 × 230 / 400 V, 50/60 Hz
IT system module
experiment module

A model of an IT supply, with isolating transformer and insulation monitor, for the subject of initial and periodic testing of IT systems, where a first fault disconnects nothing.

  • three-phase isolating transformer
  • three-phase switch
  • 3 fuses
  • 3 indicator lamps, optical signalling
  • test and reset button
  • fault simulator, first fault and second fault
Insulation monitor 1…110 kΩ
Supply 400 V, 50 Hz, three phase
Installations and machines module
experiment module

A model of a control cabinet with two machines connected, for the subject of testing machinery and processing systems to IEC 60204-1.

  • distribution board model with motor protection switches
  • control voltage transformer
  • two machine circuits, four-pole, disconnectable
  • supplementary equipotential bonding with bonding conductors
  • capacitive loads for residual current measurement
  • fault simulator
Measurements touch current, leakage current, protective conductor and insulation resistance
Simulated faults 10
Nominal voltage 3 × 230 / 400 V, 50/60 Hz
Control voltage 24 V AC
Protective circuit tester
measuring instrument
  • measurements in AC and DC supply systems
  • installation resistance and earth fault loop impedance up to 690 V AC and 800 V DC, without tripping type A and type B residual current devices
  • low resistance of protective and bonding conductors at 200 mA with automatic polarity reversal, and at 25 A
  • residual current devices of types A, AC and F
  • combined ramp test, rising residual current, trip current and trip time
  • insulation up to 1000 V with rising ramp
  • discharge and differential currents, temperature and humidity
  • withstand voltage test 2.5 kV AC, 500 VA, ramp function and pulse control mode
Test voltages up to 1000 V, 15.4…420 Hz
Supply 85…264 V from the mains, or battery
Instrument Gossen Metrawatt PROFITEST PRIME AC
Courseware
software
  • virtual instruments, instructions and result documentation
  • interactive experiment configurations
  • questions with feedback and evaluation logic
  • printable instructions and solutions
  • browser with the course software, and support for external instruments
  • test reports to the standards in force
  • topics: earth electrodes, equipotential bonding, testing a building supply, planning circuits, protection in IT systems
Installation tester
measuring instrument
  • loop and line impedance, low resistance, earth electrode resistance
  • insulation resistance at nominal or variable test voltage
  • touch voltage without tripping the breaker
  • RCD trip time at nominal residual current, and rising residual current with trip current and touch voltage
  • RCD at ½, 1, 2 and 5 × rated residual current, with adjustable residual current, and on pulsating DC with both half waves
  • type B RCD, AC and DC tripping
  • bias, leakage and compensation currents up to 1 A
  • phase sequence and maximum phase-to-phase voltage
  • approved breaker types on the display, start-up threshold of energy meters, line length for standard copper cross sections
  • universal connection system
Range 65…500 V, 15.4…420 Hz, single and three phase
Computer link USB, bidirectional, push-print
Software IZYTRONIQ Business Advanced: automatic reports, definable distribution and RCD structures, CSV export
Instrument Gossen Metrawatt PROFiTEST MF TECH
Digital multimeter
measuring instrument
  • true RMS, also on distorted waveforms
  • automatic and manual range selection
  • backlit display with an additional analogue scale
  • negative values on the analogue scale
  • HOLD, MIN and MAX
  • continuity test, temperature measurement
  • overload and blown fuse warnings
  • power saving circuit
Resolution 100 µV, 100 mΩ, 10 µA
Measuring category CAT III 600 V, automatic socket disabling
Instrument Gossen Metrawatt METRAHIT 2+
Voltage, phase and continuity tester
measuring instrument
  • voltage, phase, polarity and continuity
  • direction of the rotating field
  • 2 LEDs and LCD
Voltage range 12…690 V, 0…500 Hz, withstand > 6 kV
Continuity 0…1000 kΩ
Measuring category CAT IV 600 V, CAT III 690 V, IP 65
Supply rechargeable lithium battery, charged at 230 V
Instrument Gossen Metrawatt PROFISAFE 690L
Test adapter set
accessory
  • 2-pin RCD measuring jumper
  • 4-pin RCD measuring jumper
  • test adapter that opens the socket contacts
  • storage box
Rating CAT III, 100…400 V
Connection leads
accessory
  • 1 safety test lead, 50 cm, blue
  • 3 safety test leads, 50 cm, black
  • 11 stackable insulated bridges: 3 green and yellow, 2 blue, 2 black, 2 brown, 2 grey
Lead rating 600 V CAT III, 1000 V CAT II, 32 A
Bridge rating 1000 V, 32 A, CAT II
Mobile experiment table
furniture
  • 3 levels, frame for the modules, shelf at the base
  • worktop of compressed particle board, grey, laminated both faces
  • resistant to chemicals, dilute acids, alkalis and heat
  • impact-resistant plastic edge protection, 3 mm
  • multi-slot aluminium profiles, industrial standard fixings
  • space for the power cable, holder for a computer and its cables
  • acid-resistant epoxy resin finish
Worktop 30 mm thick, height 800 mm
Table size W 1000 × D 650 × H 1700 mm
Castors 4 swivel, 2 with brakes
Module mounting every module is sized for the table frame, and works on its own or in a set